Thursday, November 28, 2019
Project 2 Cases 2 Essays - Natural Language Processing,
Project 2 Cases 2 Project 2 Cases 2 There are several features in Microsoft Word 2000 that makes document making simple. With features like Automatic Spell Checking, that places a red wavy line under the word that is misspelled automatically. Auto Correct, which automatically corrects commonly, made mistakes that are predetermined in Word. Inserting Clip Art adds graphics and/or pictures to make your document look better. These are just a few of the features in Word that makes document making less challenging. The Automatic Spell Checker checks your document while your typing it for possible spelling and grammar errors. If a word you have typed in is misspelled a red wavy line under the word that is misspelled. If there a grammar error there will be a green wavy line under the grammar error. To fix the error simply right click the wavy line and depending on the severity of the error there will be from one to a few choices to correct the error. If the word isnt misspelled and it still shows up with a red wavy line under it, you can simply right click the line and choose the add selection and it will add the word into the Word library. Another feature in the Automatic Spell Checker is the Auto Correct {insert note here} Inserting Clip Art allows you to brighten up your documents with graphics. the clip art files contains photographs, sounds, and video clips that you can insert into your document. Clip Art is located in the Clip Gallery which contains a collection of clips, separated into sub categories such as. Favorites, academics, animals, backgrounds, borders & frames, buildings, business, button & icons, cartoons, communications, dividers & decor, downloaded clips, emotions, entertainment, flags, food & dining, gestures, government, healthcare & medicine, home & family, household, industry, lost & found, maps, metaphors, music, nature, navigation controls, office, people, people at work, photographs, places, plants, religions, science and technology, seasons, shapes, signs, special occasions, sports & leisure, symbols, transportations, travel, weather, web banners, web dividers, and web elements. Microsoft Word 2000s features are extremely helpful and allow you to make documents simple and easy. Automatic Spell Checking is extremely convenient allowing you to fix your spelling errors while you are typing your document. Instead of some other word processing programs spell checkers which have you go to the menu to perform a spell check. Inserting Clip Art into your documents makes documents look more professional and livelier. These features in Microsoft Word are excellent features that allow users of Word to process documents easily and efficiently. Computers and Internet
Sunday, November 24, 2019
The Longest Memory by Fred DAguiar
The Longest Memory by Fred DAguiar The Longest Memory by Fred D'Aguiar is a compelling and tragically poignant novel set in Virginia, 1810. The unique, fragmented narrations with its ironies and bigoted criticisms lurking in the words of many presents a definite ethical vision in which the reader commiserates with the suffering and feels contempt for the savage. The calamity of the story and also its main ironic element centres on an old, veteran slave Whitechapel. He inadvertently causes the death of his son Chapel in the hands of the overseer of the plantation, who just so happens to be Chapel's halfbrother. Prejudice shatters any faith of justice, equality and freedom in The Longest Memory, and acts to enhance the immorality of slavery and the horrible suffering of slaves. This is achieved through both the emphatic characterisations of the slaves, and tragedy of Chapel's death.Societal prejudice towards Negroes has been a widespread fact in American history.Chateau d'Usse and The ChapelThe class of slaves has been superficially judged and discriminated against.'It is neither extraordinary to beat a slave, nor incompatible with Christianity to wield a whip.'Even those who considered themselves lenient slaveowners such as Mr Whitechapel, committed horrible acts of injustice.'Do not,I repeat, do not let me ever catch you readingAgain. If you do you will be sent away,Far away to a place where slave boysDie of hunger, hard work and the whip.'All slaves have to learn to accept the fact that they are inferior. However, from some people's points of views, slaves are much lower and should be considered as an investment or commodity. 'Cattle need fattening, not slaves.'They are regarded on a totally different plane of judgement.'I told my son that we are different from slaves in intelligence and human standing before God.'Verbal irony also...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
We are what we choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
We are what we choose - Essay Example Logos from originates from logical, ethos represent reliability while pathos represent passion. Logos represents the logical argument. In Jeffââ¬â¢s speech, we can find the syllogism. Jeff is and will still be among the few who have presented a coordinated and logical speech. It is not worth listening to a speaker who jumps from one point to another without any apparent rhyme or reason. It is a deliberate move that most of the examples of lectures are fairly short and precise so that the speaker can actually focus on the main idea and not diverting his focus. Jeffââ¬â¢s speech is logical in the sense that he use two examples to support his point. Interestingly, syllogism is easy to evaluate in the statement, ââ¬Å"No flying things are penguins; all the penguins are birds; so some birds are not fliers.â⬠At the beginning of his presentation, he argues that ââ¬Å"cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice.â⬠Gifts are easily attainable as they are given on various occasions. Choices can be hard to attain. You can seduce yourself with your gifts if youre not careful and if you do, itll probably be to the detriment of your choices. He first talks about an instance of a story when he was a kid he proud of his minorà arithmetic and he figure out if his grandma, ââ¬Å"at two minutes per puff, youââ¬â¢ve taken nine years off your life.â⬠and his grandma crying. In this example he uses the syllogism, kindness is a choice, choice can be hard, and so kindness is hard. Indeed he refer to his grandpa saying, ââ¬Å"Jeff, one day youââ¬â¢ll understand that itââ¬â¢s harder to be kind than clever.â⬠This ex ample proves his opinion that cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice and sometimes cleverness might ad for us choice. ââ¬Å"This is a group with many gifts. Iââ¬â¢m sure one of your gift isà theà giftà ofà aà smartà andà capableà brain.à Imà confidentà that
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2
Journal - Essay Example What kinds of websites can be found on the Darknet? Web sites that can be found on the DarkNet are those of nasty or at the very least, unlawful activities including pedophile rings, arms sales or illegitimate drugs; websites that have something to hide. It is notable that websites on DarkNet are those that support things such as private communications, private communities like those who look for anonymity on the web, and besieged file sharing community. DarkNet also contains websites for outright criminals and is the source of the majority of the sneakiest attacks on the private and public infrastructures of the web (Smith, 2009). Why donââ¬â¢t authorities shut down these web sites? The DarkNet is a deeper and more difficult to access parts of the internet. It is not possible to police the internet in its entirety since individuals as well as groups are always devising new ways of remaining off the grid. Thus, the websites cannot be shut down since the people and groups behind th em will always revive them. The authorities would always battle with the DarkNet (Thomas, 2013). Are there valid reasons for the Darknet to exist? Even though DarkNet is a haven a perverts as well as arms dealers, it can also be seen as a citadel of a more dignified cause, that of free speech. It is of note that many nations around the world do not offer their people the freedom of speech. DarkNets offer every user the power of speaking in a free manner with no fear of persecution or censorship (Thomas, 2013). Making Hidden Services anonymous has been a refuge for dissenters in countries such as Mauritania, Lebanon as well as nations that were marred by the Arab Spring. DarkNet is utilized to host blogs in nations wherein the exchange of ideas is disapproved of. Moreover, DarkNet websites also reflect sites which draw corporate or governmental angst, like Wikileaks. Other than granting a bastion of free speech, DarkNet websites also help organizations to increase their security inte lligence, and as a result, it enhances their security posture. Using DarkNet, security administrators could identify scanning activity devoid of employing complex analysis technology that requires committing already overstrained resources, and, with a decreased incidence of false positives (Smith 2008). Reference Smith, M. (2009). DarkNets. Montreal, Canada: CRC Press. Thomas, G. (2013). The Silk Road is Shut Down, and the Owner Is In Custody. Retrived from http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-silk-road-is-shut-down-and-the-owner-is-in-custody Part 2: Privacy In general, which privacy policies do the applications have in common? The following privacy policies are common in all the applications: All collect private information of the users. Policy on now they collect, use and share the information collected from users. Policy on the choices which the privacy policies offer the users, such as how to update and access information. Policy on the circumstance under which personal informa tion of the users will be shared with other parties ââ¬â it will only be shared for legal reasons. Policy about information that will be always public. Which are different? Only Twitter has policy towards children, stating that the services it provides are not directed
Monday, November 18, 2019
SWA 43 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
SWA 43 - Essay Example The issue for determination in the case is whether there was infringement of intellectual property right to warrant a remedy. There exist three classes of intellectual property rights: patent, copyright, and trademark, for which a property owner is protected. Copyright laws protects a property ownerââ¬â¢s interest by offering an ââ¬Å"exclusive right to control reproduction, distribution, public performance, and displayâ⬠of a subject intellectual property (Fas, p. 1, 2). A patent on the other hand protects a property owner from other partiesââ¬â¢ imitation of the property or dealing in the property while trademark laws protect a partyââ¬â¢s registered symbols. Violation of the copyright laws constitutes both civil and criminal liability with infringing copyright laws leading to remedies such as injunction and damages (Halpern, Nard and Port, p. 43, 169, 170; Fas, p. 5, 6). In the case, Rick published a song which was, without his approval, performed at a bar leading to infringement of his copyright rights over the song. He is therefore entitled to an injunction to stop further performance of the song at the bar. Fas. ââ¬Å"Intelectual property rights violations: Federal civil remedies and criminal penalties related to copyrights, trademarks, and patents.â⬠CRS Report for Congress. 31st October 2008. Web. 20th July 2012. < http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34109.pdf
Friday, November 15, 2019
A critical evaluation of CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
A critical evaluation of CRM (Customer Relationship Management) The era in which marketers have increasingly acknowledged the importance of customers retention has seen as the evolution of related models and strategies. Increasingly, customer retention has needed greater emphasis in the company strategies due to the environmental changes and globalization occurring in the markets. The area of relationship market is very important and is main issue at the time of tough competition in the market. Various factors like internet and advanced technology has give rise to the attention and awareness among the customers to access a far greater choice of services and products offer to them. The analysis of the strategy of Customer Relationship Management has become an indispensible part of the organisations in the market management. This area is of great importance in the management strategies as customer are the key factors for the organisations in any field and there is great importance related to the customers as they are the determinants of the success of an organisations and has to be managed good relationships with them in order to gain competitive advantages in the market. The existing market needs the managers with all the knowledge to deal the customers. For this purpose there are many researches are going to be on in the relation to this subject, by realising the important of this area in tem market the companies become aware to the facts that how crucial is the managing relationships with their customers. The person reason behind adopting the area of research for the dissertation is that in todays market customer are take as God and each and every area of marketing and management is based on the dealing, satisfaction and retention of the customers. Without customers there is no market and no management. So it is mandatory for everyone to have the in-depth knowledge about the management and dealing of customers. Without having the proper study of customer relationship within the market is tea without sugar. For the personal reason I have the greater interest in the dealing with the customers and in order to get the proper knowledge regarding the management of relationship with them it would be very helpful to understand the nature of customers and hoe it could be managed healthy relationships with them to make them happy and satisfied. 2.1 Aim The aim of this dissertation is to critically evaluate the strategies of Customer Relationship Management. It also seeks to explore the difference between the concepts of Relationship Marketing and the concept of Customer Relationship Marketing. 3. Preliminary Review of the Literature Introduction A compelling business case and success stories continue to attract business interest and investment in customer relationship management (CRM). The CRM software market is expected to increase from $7 billion in 2000 to $23 billion in 2005, even though conventional wisdom is that 30 to 50 present of CRM initiatives fall short of meeting company objectives, while another 20 present actually damage customer relationships (AMR Research 2002). A seemingly myriad of challenges, conditions and circumstances contribute to the ultimate success or failure of a CRM initiative. Before investing scarce resources in such a risky technology innovation, corporate leadership is calling for a means of decreasing the sphere of uncertainty surrounding CRM. The adoption phase (Rogers, 1995) of a technology based innovation such as CRM is where decision-making and planning activities are conducted to address whether, why, and how to implement the innovation (Markus Tanis, 2000:189). Occurring at project i nception, the associated problems or shortcomings of this phase are multiplicative, and can exert a toxic effect on the ensuing innovation process. Although decisions made during this phase are critical to the eventual success or failure of a CRM initiative, there is a paucity of research exploring these adoption issues (Markus Tanis 2000). 2. Business value, complementarity and alignment When considering a CRM initiative, executives ultimately want to know the impact on organizational performance that is, the likely business value of the initiative. This is typically measured via the return on investment (ROI) metric. However, determining the economic value of an innovation, especially one enabled by technology, has posed major difficulties to researchers and practitioners for several decades. Recent literature on business value suggests complementarity as a key determinant of organizational performance (see Barua and Mukhopadhyay 2000 for a summary). Two activities or factors are complementary if the benefits of doing more of one increase by doing more of the other (Milgrom and Roberts, 1990). Organizational alignment is concerned with the level of agreement between complementary constituent parts (e.g. people, processes, activities). Alignment research typically falls into either of two basic dimensions: intellectual or social (Reich and Benbasat, 2000). The intellectual dimension, also known in the literature as strategic alignment, centers on the alignment of organizational strategy, structures and planning processes Here, strategy is the focal point such that positive alignment can be achieved when organizational structures and processes support strategy. In contrast, the social dimension concerns the alignment of organizational culture, stakeholder interactions and knowledge of one anothers work domain. In this context, culture is at the nucleus where positive alignment occurs when stakeholders are knowledgeable about each others domain areas such that cooperative interaction (as opposed to conflictive) occurs within the bounds of the organizations norms and values. O ther related research underscores the importance of alignment between the intellectual and social dimensions. For example, using general systems theory and chaos theory as the foundation, Semler, 1997) presents a theory of systematic organizational alignment where strategy, structure and culture are complementary. A harmonious agreement of these aspects breeds an internal environment supportive of the organizations strategy, by eliminating internal barriers to cooperation and performance. The theory outlines six aspects of alignment (process, reward system, values, norms, performance and environment) that, if in agreement, should result in positive organizational performance. As organizational performance is guided by strategy (Pearce and Robinson 1994), and given that a firms leaders develop strategy, it is the leaders and the roles and processes they prescribe that largely drive alignment. 3.1 Intellectual dimension 3.1.1 Strategy. A highly competitive global marketplace places pressure on firms to reduce costs, while simultaneously differentiating themselves through improvements in customer service to gain revenues. The underlying premise of CRM is: If a firm improves upon how it manages relationships with its customers, the result will be evidenced as an increase in firm productivity and customer satisfaction, leading to better financial performance. However, firms must avoid viewing CRM as the solution to competitive pressures. CRM is much more involved a CRM initiative should be conceived of as a corporate strategy. The customer-related capabilities of a firm are at the heart of assumptions regarding customer satisfaction, productivity, and the firms financial performance. According to marketing theory, to be successful an organization must aim all of its efforts at satisfying its customers, at a profit that is, managing customer needs profitably. This means that organizations must create, deliver, and communicate customer value more effectively than their competitors. Organizations that succeed at such are described using terms such as market driven, customer-centric, customer-focused, or customer oriented. Day (1999:5) suggests that such market-driven organizations are marked by a superior ability to understand, attract and keep valuable customers, and he identifies three specific components of market orientation: (1) an externally oriented organizational culture with a focus on added value; (2) distinctive capabilities in market sensing, relationship building, and strategic thinking; and (3) a configuration that enables the entire organization to anticipate and respond to changing customer and market conditions (pp. 6-7). Kohli and Jaworski (1990) provide further specification, defining market orientation as the organization-wide generation of market intelligence, dissemination of the intelligence across departments, and responsiveness to it. Concerning IT innovations, Kwon and Zmud (1983) find that top management support is a key, recurring success factor. Management support can be defined as the widespread sponsorship of an innovation. Successful implementation of an innovation has been found to occur when top management exhibi ts commitment to change (in our context, the CRM initiative) as well as commitment to the (CRM) implementation effort. Support is evidenced through commitment of resources such as time and money for education and training of employees, assignment of key employees throughout the innovation process, and money to purchase the technology and support the multiyear implementation effort. Kwon and Zmud state that successful IT implementation is more likely to occur when sufficient organizational resources are initially directed toward motivating the implementation effort and then to sustaining it. The literature also consistently points to the importance of a champion of the innovation effort. To qualify as a champion, an employee must be a upper level, highly respected individual who actively supports and promotes the innovation, providing information, material resources, and political support. As an aid to success, it is important that the same champion sees the innovation effort through to completion. In a recent field study, firms undertaking CRM projects with a dedicated high-level champion were twice as likely to report that their project was doing at least better than expected (Yu 001). Leadership styles are a key factor when embracing a new initiative such as CRM. Nguyen-Huy (2001) identified four change management leadership styles, including: commanding; engineering; teaching; socializing; or hybrid. No one type is inherently superior to another. Much depends on the styles that have brought success in the organizations past. Also, successful change leaders have utilized one style during an initial stage, and changed to a different style in a later stage. For example, a commanding style may be important at the outset of a project, to communicate that top management is serious and committed to the change, whereas a more collaborative style may be successfully used during implementation. In the context of CRM, little research has been done to examine the change management leadership styles utilized, or to analyse under what conditions a particular change management leadership style is likely to be effective. 3.1.2 Structure. The innovation literature suggests that a firm with a flat, decentralized structure, as opposed to a centralized hierarchical structure, is most likely to support the development of innovative ideas. However, with regard to implementing the innovation, a centralized structure has been shown to be most effective. In terms of an IT innovation, structural factors pertain to the compatibility of the system with the organizational design (e.g., centralization, decentralization, organic), the authority hierarchy, reporting relationships and the like. ERP and CRM efforts revolve around business processes. Effective CRM must integrate and support the business processes that create customer experiences. These business processes span the organization, including the customer-facing business processes of marketing, sales, and customer service. However, back-office business processes such as accounting, purchasing, production, and logistics are also involved. The significance of this logical integration of customer related knowledge cannot be under-estimated. It poses a major challenge to organizational readiness. 4. Research Questions RQ1. What are the critical issues that have to be discussed in the customer relationship management initiatives? RQ2. What problems have to be faced during the adoption of CRM initiatives? RQ3. What is the scope of CRM for different type of organisations? RQ4. Is Customer Relation Management is taken as the appropriate for all kind of organisations? 4.1 Research Objectives As the emerging discipline the CRM needs great deal of assistance in the theoretical area. The area of customer relationship management is very important for the To identify the main issues of Customer Relationship Management To critically analyse the literature of the CRM To examine the facets of the customer welfare and to retain them for long term To explore how CRM succeed and fail. To examine the CRM strategy for the Tesco Plc To draw conclusion and suggest some recommendations for the company Word Guide 200 5. Research Plan / Methodology Research methodology is mainly split into three parts i.e. research perspective, research design and collection of data. These three phases of methodology collectively formed the clear description about the importance and need of the research methods. Research Perspective From the view point of Saunders et al (2003) for the research to be conducted there must be an appropriate choice of research perspective. This dissertation is a case study approach which is most suitable for the topic of CRM in the industry. This help to examine the research topic in depth and provide the required information for the plotting of dissertation. For this there is good chance to know about the efficiency of the company regarding the implementation of the CRM strategy. The case study approach covers the areas like clarification of topic, data processing, collection of data and the conclusion for the research is presented. Following is given the research strategy chosen for the dissertation to be conducted. Research design for the research design there is a process given by Saunders (2003) known as the Research Onion. The following figure explains the whole design of the research. For this there are mainly two type of approaches named inductive approach and deductive approach. Inductive approach This approach follow the process in there is movement from the specific to general for the formulation of the theory of the research. This approach is widely open and exploratory for the research to be conducted at the first stage. On the other hand deductive approach is usually follow the process of general to specific and this is totally opposite to the inductive approach. In this approach theory is taken at the first step and then goes to the observations. This approach is taken as the narrow one as there is restriction and binding to the theory chosen. To conduct the research regarding the dissertation the author decided to go with the inductive approach because the inductive approach is flexible than that of the deductive one and there are more chances of exploration of the topic in the inductive approach. Data collection methods Data collection methods is taken as the very crucial part of the research to be conducted as the whole process and phenomenon of the research of dissertation is depend on the methods of data collection used for the purpose to collect relevant data so that there could be access to problem of the research. There are mainly two types of methods are available for the collection of data these methods are Secondary Data Collection Methods and Primary Data Collection Methods. Secondary data collection methods Secondary data is that data which is available and already exists. This data is always ready to use. This data usually collected for other purpose of research and is used by the some other sources as this is always free to access and easily available. The secondary data is usually available in forms of qualitative and quantitative both types of data. In qualitative data there is no numeric and diagrams and facts and figure. This data is totally based upon the theory part. This is mostly used for the formulation of literature review for the research. On the contrary there is another form of data i.e. Quantitative: this type of data is in the form of numeric and facts and figure. The annual reports of the companies and analysis in the form of numeric presentation is comes under this. Primary data collection methods Primary data collection methods are those methods in which the researcher itself collects the data in order to get the relevant data for the research to conduct. This type of data is mostly in the form of qualitative data. The various methods used to collect the primary data are interviews, surveys, questionnaires etc. For this dissertation there is use of both type of data i.e. secondary data collection and primary data collection. Both data collection methods are equally important and researcher cant go with alone one for the research. As there is need of in depth and critical analysis of the research problem and so for this there must be both type of data will be used in the dissertation. In following table there is brief outline for the various methods used in the collection of data with their advantages and challenges. Limitations of study The thing is that at this stage the topic of the research is not yet consider in detail. Still there are some limitations that are outlined here. At first the area in which the research is going to conduct is wide and it became hard to collect the relevant data for the research by the use of data collection methods. Secondly there is a huge collection of data regarding this topic and they are available in different software of database. At last it is not easy to get relevant and proper data from the side of interviewee regarding the research area, and sometime these interviews are biased. 6. Ethical Considerations As this topic of research is related to the customer relationship management the main ethical issue for this is to how to implement the suitable strategy for a company to run this process. For seeking the development of the research topic for the dissertation I will conduct the instructions provided to us by the college and will also follow the rules of the University accordingly that are provide to me in the available form. Also regarding the data collection for the research the main source of data collection for the dissertation is the available data i.e. secondary data for the company or organisation. There is no provision of data protection this protection will considered at the time of publishing of the data later on. As other reliable source for the collection of data for my research is interviews and questionnaires. For this, if there is needed the interview will be recorded after getting the permission the interviewee. For all the process there will be supervision of the supervisor which will provide during the dissertation to be conducted. There will be appropriate use of participation information during the plotting of the literature review and other parts of the research. 7 Planning and any special resources required Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6 Week7 Week8 Week9 Week10 Week 11 Introduction to aim objectives Literature review Research methods Data collection Data analysis Findings Conclusion Recommendations Setting and submission
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Bank of New York Essay -- essays research papers
Executive Summary Founded in 1784, the Bank of New York is the oldest bank in the United States. It was the first bank in New York that opened just months after the departure of British troops from American soil in lower Manhattan. During that time period the monetary system was complex and confusing. The founders decided that The Bank of New York wasnââ¬â¢t going to be a common institution that capitalized on land; it focused on specie, which is money in coins. Then in 1792 the first corporate stock to trade on the newly established New York Stock Exchange was the Bank of New York. During the course of their 220-year history, The Bank of New York has seen the country through turbulent times - seven wars, ten economic depressions and the World Trade Center disaster. And yet, The Company has survived all these crises and emerged even stronger.. The Bank of New York is in the industry of Money Center Banks, which provide many services that enable institutions and individuals to move and manage their financial assets in more than 100 markets worldwide. This company has a long tradition of collaborating with clients to focus on securities servicing, treasury management, investment management, and individual and regional banking services. This company also has an extensive global client base. The Bank of New York is ranked 15th in its industry with a capital market of 21.2 billion. Some of its top three competitors are Citigroup Inc, JP Morgan Chase, and State Street Corp. Given its long history and conservative approach, it is no wonder that The Bank of New York is one of the leading retail banks in the Metropolitan Area. It has 350 locations which not only offer traditional banking, but insurance and investment services. à à à à à Although the stock price of The Bank of New York has decreased over the past year, it is our opinion that it would be a good opportunity to buy the stock at its price. The most recent quarterly earnings have been much higher than analystsââ¬â¢ forecasts have predicted. The Bank of New York earnings growth in the past year has accelerated more rapidly than it has in the past three years. The Bank of New York ââ¬â Industry position à à à à à Founded in 1794, The Bank of New York is New Yorkââ¬â¢s first and oldest bank. It opened for business at the Walton House in lower Manhattan. During tha... ...dministration and accounting, collateral management, and securities lending which is offered nationally and globally. à à à à à Banking has never been considered attractive as an industry, but the industry has virtually been embodied in the movement of bigger, faster, and more. The BANK OF New York has been involved in faster transactions via ATMââ¬â¢S and the Internet. They have also been involved in more proceeds such as insurance and securities. à à à à à The Bank of New York has been notable in de-emphasizing lower margin traditional banking operations and has focused on more lucrative technology based activities such as transaction processing and account custody services. à à à à à Given The Bank of New York redirection of its focus and earnings potential it would our opinion to invest in this companyââ¬â¢s stock. The Bank of New York seems to be a leader in its industry class and the value of its services will certainly be recognized in its future performance and innovation. Trend Analysis for Bank of New York 2004, 2003 & 2002
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Managing High Growth Brand-Starbucks
Submitted To Mahbub Hossain Course: brand and product management American International University ââ¬â Bangladesh (AIUB) Submitted By Khan Samara Salsabeel #07-09162-2 . | | Mr. Mahbub Hossain Course Instructor Brand and Product Management, sec-A Subject: STARBUCKS CORPORATION: Managing high growth brand. Dear Sir, We are grateful to you for giving us the chance to work on this case study.We would also like to express gratitude to you for your gracious cooperation and valuable guidance for preparing the report. Sincerely, Khan Samara Salsabeel (07-09162-2) Sadia Rezwana (07-09013-2) Kazi Masum (08-09933-1) Mohammad Abdul Kader (08-11783-2) In 1971, Seattle entrepreneurs Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegl first opened Starbucks in Pike Place Market. At that time, Countryââ¬â¢s major coffee brands were engaged in price war, therefore they were forced to use cheaper beans in their blends to reduce costs.As a result there was a decline in coffee consumption. To harness t he potential of the gourmet coffee trend in the Seattle area, the founders of Starbucks experimented with the new concept of a store dedicated to selling only the finest coffee beans and coffee brewing machines. This emphasis on quality whole-bean coffee retail was fairly unique. Starbucks placed quality as its top priority. The Starbucks management dedicated a great deal of their time and financial resources to establishing strong relationships with coffee growers from around the world.In 1982, Howard Schultz, current CEO of Starbucks recognized that the conservative business plans of early Starbucks management hindered the company from reaching other potential coffee lovers. Hence he transformed Starbucks from a coffee retailer into a cafe business. He had a vision of expanding the scope and reach of the Starbucks brand. In addition to selling only ââ¬Ëbest of classââ¬â¢ coffee, Starbucks worked to fill its stores with only the highest quality of everything, from coffee maki ng equipment to the fixtures and furnishings to the music and artwork.Each Starbucks store is carefully designed to enhance the quality of everything the customer see, touch, hear, smell or taste. The stores are designed in such a manner that it gives a warm, inviting environment essential for giving Starbucks a pleasurable coffee centered experience. The keys for success for Starbucks in building the brand are: 1. Starbucks was the first to introduce Coffee house with premium coffee to American market. 2. Consistent premium coffee. 3. It placed quality as its top priority. 4. Starbucks established strong relationships with coffee growers from around the world. . Formation of dynamic management team with highly innovative and creative employees. 6. Profitable partnerships and joint ventures with some of the nationââ¬â¢s strongest corporations such as Host Marriott, United Airlines, Pepsi Co, Dryers and others. Brand values of Starbucks: 1. Top priority is the quality of its produ cts 2. Premium coffee experience 3. value simplicity over technology 4. Investing in innovation 5. Employees as partners and viewed as the most important assets of the corporation. The sources of equity of Starbucks are Brand awareness and brand image.Brand awareness and image are collectively known as brand knowledge. Brand awareness has been established through word-of mouth, partnership and selective and fruitful location of Starbucks outlets. Brand image is established through: 1. premium coffee beans 2. brewing techniques 3. store designs, artwork and music 4. Consistently good customer service 5. Classy, romantic atmosphere with consistent store design that meets five senses. Pivotal to Starbucks high growth strategy was the carefully planned expansion of its specialty coffee stores to new markets throughout North America and eventually worldwide.Hence geographical market expansion, joint ventures and partnerships are some of the strategies the corporation followed to grow the brand. However these strategies had both merits and demerits for Starbucks which have been discussed later in the report. There are several things which are needed for a corporation to become a world class global brand which are also discussed in the report. For Starbucks to become a world class global brand, it must overcome some major hurdles. In addition to hurdles, Starbucks has many challenges which they need to meet in terms of American market. All these are discussed in detail in the report. SI |DESCRIPTION |PAGE | |01 |Objective Of The Report |07 | |02 |Methodology of The Report |08 | |03 |Limitation Of The Report |09 | |04 |Starbucks Corporation At A Glance |11 | |05 |Success Keys For Starbucks In Building Brand |12-13 | |06 |Starbucksââ¬â¢ Brand Values |14 | |07 |Sources Of Equity For Starbucks |15 | |08 |Evaluation Of Starbucksââ¬â¢ Growth Strategy |16-18 | |09 |Starbucksââ¬â¢ Challenges In Becoming A World Class Brand. 19 | |10 |Recommendation |20 | |11 |Conclusion |21 | |12 |Reference/Bibliography |22 | 1. It reflects a brief description of the corporation. 2. To know the following: â⬠¢ Success keys for Starbucks â⬠¢ Starbucksââ¬â¢ brand values â⬠¢ Starbucksââ¬â¢ sources of equity â⬠¢ Starbucksââ¬â¢ growth strategies â⬠¢ Starbucksââ¬â¢ hurdles and challenges in becoming a world-class brand. We have collected almost all data from the case study. Moreover, we have collected data from Annual Report published by the corporation. Reference books, study materials and the internet were also of great aid for the preparation of the report.The first and foremost limitation was the time constraints. Gathering information on various aspects of the corporation was quite difficult. This is the reason we could not go to the in depth analysis within the limited time frame. In less than a decade, Starbucks was transformed from a fledgling whole bean coffee retail chain into a globally recognized brand. In 2002, Sta rbucks was comprised of more than 5400 stores located throughout North America, Latin America, the Pacific Rim, Europe and the Middle East. Growth of the corporationââ¬â¢s coffee retail business continued at a steady pace of one store opening a day on average, and annual revenue for 2001 topped $2. 7 billion.Moreover, joint ventures with some of the nationââ¬â¢s strongest corporations including Pepsi, Kraft, Dryerââ¬â¢s and Capitol Records, allowed Starbucks to launch a lucrative consumer product division to complement its cafe business. Licensing partnerships with other companies such as United Airlines, ITT Sheraton and Host Marriott further added to the growth of the Starbucks brand. Indeed, Starbucks rose to become one of the most impressive high growth brands in the 1990s. Despite this remarkable growth, some questioned whether Starbucks began to lose focus as the company strove to constantly reinvent itself. Critics wondered if perhaps the brand grew too quickly rapid ly to remain focused on its core values and business objectives.In less than a decade Starbucks was transformed from a fledgling whole bean coffee retail chain into a globally recognized brand. By 2002 Starbucks was comprised of more that 5400 stores located throughout North America, Latin America the Pacific Rim, Europe and the Middle East. There were some success keys which accelerated the growth of the company, some of which are given below: 1. The company had a strong and dynamic management team. The creative and highly innovative team monitored the problems of the customer and the employees. They also found out effective solutions to the problems the company encountered at different stages of its operation.In other words, the key to the companyââ¬â¢s success and widespread appeal among loyal customers had always been the employees, whose knowledge and dedication attracted customers to continue returning to the store. 2. joint ventures with some of the nationââ¬â¢s stronge st corporations including Pepsi, Kraft, Dryerââ¬â¢s and Capitol Records, allowed Starbucks to launch a lucrative consumer product division to complement its cafe business . 3. Licensing partnerships with some other companies such as united airlines ITT Sheraton and host Marriott further added to the growth of the brand. 4. Use of improved and new technology was another key to the success of the brand. This made it easier for the company to maintain the quality of the products.Innovations such as the FlavorLock bags prevented harmful air and moisture from seeping into the coffee thereby preserving the quality and saving the company from much more significant costs. 5. Starbucks was the first to introduce Coffee house with premium coffee to American market. 6. It placed quality as its top priority. To distinguish their coffee from the bland and tasteless store brands, Starbucks only purchased Arabica beans from a carefully selected network of suppliers across the globe, from places like Sumatra, Kenya, Ethiopia and Costa Rica. Arabica beans were selected because the beanââ¬â¢s chemistry is such that it can withstand high roasting temperatures, resulting in richer flavor. 7. Starbucks established strong relationships with coffee growers from around the world.Starbucks sought vendors who sold products that would protect and even enhance the arabicaââ¬â¢s flavor. This required the formation of partnerships across the globe with coffee brewing equipment suppliers who provided products that captured the essence of the coffee brewing tradition. The brand values of the company are given below: 1. The company placed quality at its top priority they emphasized on quality and never compromised with it. The Starbucks founders realized that if they wanted to enhance Seattleââ¬â¢s appreciation for fine coffee, they had to provide the best ingredients and brewing equipment to ensure that customers had the most enjoyable coffee experiences possible. 2.Employees are viewed as the most important assets and partners of the corporation. They were adequately educated and trained to provide the best customer service. The knowledge and dedication of the employees attracted customers to continue returning to the stores. The employees played a vital role. This is because word-of-mouth publicity can only be achieved if the company continues to recruit and retain talented individuals who can lead the company to new markets and communicate Starbucksââ¬â¢ strong values to the communities who knew little about the brand. 3. Another brand value for Starbucks was investing in innovation. It made easier for the company to maintain the quality of the products.Innovations such as the Flavor Lock bags prevented harmful air and moisture from seeping into the coffee thereby preserving the quality and saving the company from much more significant costs. The source of equity for Starbucks is Brand knowledge. Brand knowledge is the key to create brand equity becau se it creates differential effect that drives brand equity. Brand knowledge has two components: â⬠¢ Brand awareness â⬠¢ Brand image ââ¬â Brand image is the impression in the consumersââ¬â¢ mind of a brandââ¬â¢s total personality. Brand awareness is again consists of: â⬠¢ Brand recognition ââ¬â relates to consumers ability to confirm prior exposure to the brand when given the brand as a cue. â⬠¢ Brand recall ââ¬â Relates to consumersââ¬â¢ ability to retrieve the brand from memory when given the product category.Brand awareness for the company has been established through word-of mouth, new channels partnerships and selective and fruitful location for Starbucks outlets. Brand image is established through: â⬠¢ premium coffee beans â⬠¢ brewing techniques â⬠¢ store designs, artwork and music â⬠¢ Consistently good customer service â⬠¢ Classy, romantic atmosphere with consistent store design that meets five senses. Starbuckââ¬â¢s growth strategy mainly comprised of Geographical Market Expansion, Diversification and Partnerships. Pivotal to Starbuckââ¬â¢s high-growth strategy was the carefully planned expansion of its specialty coffee stores to new markets throughout North America and eventually worldwide.The first phase of the Starbucks expansion strategy focused on securing a major foothold in the Pacific Northwest while experimenting in other key markets that were farther away, but had a high potential for rapid growth in cities such as Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York and Washington, D. C. Successful expansion throughout Florida, Hawaii and Tokyo showed that fine coffee could be a hit in warmer climates as well as in the cold cities. The Starbucks management team agreed of the companyââ¬â¢s massive expansion program by owning the operation by itself instead of pursuing franchising. This was a smart move because franchising runs the risk of a possibility of ruining the brandââ¬â¢s ima ge to some extent. Other disadvantages of franchising are: â⬠¢ Franchisees are self-employed there may be problems in ensuring that they all adhere to the operational methods that are designed to achieve uniformity.Failure by an individual franchisee will reflect badly on the whole franchise operation. â⬠¢ The franchisee may have different objectives from those of the franchisor. In the long run, they may begin to resent the control exercised by the franchisor. This may cause problems in terms of ââ¬Ëpolicing the franchiseeââ¬â¢ Diversification means developing new products for new markets. Some of the reasons why it is advantageous for companies like Starbucks are: â⬠¢ Diversification promises to be especially profitable â⬠¢ To avoid dependence on a single product â⬠¢ To strengthen existing products by synergy â⬠¢ To compete on all points with a rival firm â⬠¢ To take advantage of byproducts.Although diversification strategy is risky, the company r uns the risk of neglecting the existing products and introduces new products to new markets which are a desperate move. Starbucks diversified with new products namely â⬠¢ Frappuccino, a popular bottled cold coffee beverage using extracts from Starbucks famous Arabica beans. Frappuccino put the Starbucks brand into supermarkets for the first time. â⬠¢ In November 1999, Starbucks launched Barista Aroma thermal coffeemaker which was positioned as a ââ¬Ëdurable, convenient and consistent way to brew coffee. â⬠¢ Two new lines of proprietary products were launched in 1999: chocolates and hot cider. â⬠¢ Starbucks also introduced a line of coffee blends, called Milder Dimensions that aimed at capturing demand for lighter roasted coffees. Starbucks purchased Tazo Tea, an Oregon tea retailer, indicated a potential new trend for Starbucks to acquire companies as a means extending product lines. With Tazo Tea, Starbucks hoped to attract new customers who were looking alternat ives to coffee. With Starbuckââ¬â¢s geographical market expansion proceeding at a phenomenal rate and with much success, many companies across the country began to approach Starbucks with partnership proposals. But selecting the wrong partner company or the wrong product to introduce with a partner could have devastating consequences for the brand. As a result, Starbucks entered into partnerships with companies who maintained the same commitments to quality such as Kraft, Dryerââ¬â¢s, Pepsi, Host Marriott, and United Airlines.These partnership arrangements provided the company with a number of benefits given below: â⬠¢ Increased brand awareness â⬠¢ Broader range of potential customers â⬠¢ Exposing to new customers helped the company to cultivate stronger brand image â⬠¢ Partnership is a way so that consumers regard Starbucks as a world class brand. â⬠¢ Partnership resulted in innovative product development. â⬠¢ The Dryerââ¬â¢s joint venture with Star bucks led to the creation of six popular Starbucks coffee ice cream flavors that are marketed under the Starbucks name but produced and distributed by Dryerââ¬â¢s. Sales of these ice creams surpassed others such as Haagen-Dazs and increased to 54% in the year becoming the market leader. By partnering with Kraft, the second largest packaged-foods company in North America, Starbucks was able to benefit from Kraftââ¬â¢s extensive distribution network. The Kraft partnership also left the door open for Starbucks to explore the possibility of marketing food products with the help of Kraftââ¬â¢s distribution and marketing expertise. Despite of the above benefits the partnerships were providing to Starbucks, they also had problems: â⬠¢ There was a risk that the partner companies will not maintain the same quality, customer service and commitments because Starbucks was allowing an outside source to brew its coffee. â⬠¢ Staffs and bartenders may not be well trained and may no t provide adequate information to customers regarding Starbucks. In case, bad tasting coffee was being served to thousands of customers, then the brand would develop a negative connotation. For the above problems, Starbucks were able to solve these problems so that Starbucksââ¬â¢ brand image would be harmed in the partnerships. The partnering companies were quick to remedy coffee quality problems by working with Starbucks to install more effective filtering devices in aircraft brewing equipment, and to better educate staffs of the partnering companies on how to protect on how to protect the quality of the coffee. Therefore, since Starbucks could overcome the problems, partnerships have proved to be beneficial.To make Starbucks a world-class global brand the followings are needed: â⬠¢ Production and distribution (saving costs and coffee quality). â⬠¢ Marketing costs ( packaging and promotion ) â⬠¢ Power and scope ( credibility, acceptance, social status, high quality, etc ) â⬠¢ Consistency in brand image. â⬠¢ Sustainability of core competences â⬠¢ Uniformity ( controlling and coordination ) The hurdles which Starbucks must overcome are given below: â⬠¢ Consumer needs and wants in different cultures. People in different countries may have different coffee drinking behavior and coffee consumption. â⬠¢ Consumer response of marketing mix (attitudes and opinions). â⬠¢ Legal environment (different labor policies between countries). Administrative procedures. In terms of American market, Starbuckââ¬â¢s biggest challenges are: â⬠¢ Biggest threat : Dunkinââ¬â¢ Donuts â⬠¢ Increasing of direct competitors â⬠¢ Aggressive global marketing strategies â⬠¢ Focus on overseas growth and brand development Despite Starbuckââ¬â¢s remarkable growth, it began to lose focus as the company stove to constantly reinvent itself. The brand was growing too rapidly to remain focused on its core values and business objectives. St arbucks developed non related or other products, such as in November 1999 it launched Barista Aroma Thermal coffeemaker which was positioned as a durable, convenient and consistent way to brew coffee.In case of this coffeemaker the problems were, it was blocking the sightline and the traditional coffee taste was being lost. Hence in this case it can be recommended for semi-automated coffee machines and designing of proper layout for the coffee machines so that the machines do not block the sightlines. It also launched non related products such as custom made CDs and other entertainment products. Although these have the advantages of increased brand awareness, improved brand image and enhanced parent brand, these products have the demerits of losing brand identity, core values and the company may end up with frustrated and confused customers.So it can be recommended to pull out unrelated diversification and focus on being number one in the coffee business. Starbucksââ¬â¢ meteoric rise from a tiny local retailer to an international coffee powerhouse as one of the great success stories in American business in the last decade. The fact that Starbucksââ¬â¢ garnered such media and investor attention in the midst of the Information Age without an ounce of ââ¬Ëtechââ¬â¢ in its product made this growth all the more remarkable. Incredibly, Starbucks achieved its market leader position largely without aid from advertising campaigns. Instead, the company built the brand by relying on the quality of their products and services to induce free word-of-mouth ââ¬Ëadvertisingââ¬â¢ from customer to customer.As Starbucksââ¬â¢ continued to push for new product innovations and business opportunities as a way to differentiate itself from its competitors, the company ran the risk of straying too far from its original focus of spreading its passion for fine coffee. The ballooning size of the corporation suggested that the quality of Starbucksââ¬â¢ products and services, and the strength of the companyââ¬â¢s relationships with its most valued people, would need to be closely monitored. A larger, global Starbucksââ¬â¢ had to find the right balance in pursuing product- driven, people- driven, value- driven and sales- driven objectives. www. starbucks. com www. hoovers. com www. businessweek. com Strategic Brand Management, Keller, 2006 Best Practice Cases in Branding written by K. L. Keller ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â STARBUCKS |BRAND & PRODUCT MANAGEMENT | Acknowledgement Executive Summary Table of Contents Objective of the Report Methodology of the Report Limitation of the report Starbucks at a glance STARBUCKSSuccess keys for Starbucksââ¬â¢ in brand building Brand values of Starbucksââ¬â¢ SRAR Sources of Equity Growth Strategies Starbucks- A Global Brand Recommendation Conclusion STARBUCKS | |STARBUCKS | [pic] References STARBUCKSssS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBU CKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS STARBUCKS ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Brand & Product Management
Friday, November 8, 2019
20 Analysis Essay Topics Meet Some Great Ways to Discuss Quantitative Policy Analysis
20 Analysis Essay Topics Meet Some Great Ways to Discuss Quantitative Policy Analysis If you need topics for your quantitative policy research paper, review the topics below. Remember that these are only meant as a guide and may not be applicable to your exact topic requirements so check your assignment details or instructions before beginning: How Quantitative Policy Analyses Help Policymakers to Investigate Health Risks for Specific Populations The Methodological Strategies Employed by Quantitative Researchers to Examine Social Problems How Quantitative Policy Analyses Help Policymakers to Investigate Traffic Patterns How Quantitative Policy Analyses Help Policymakers to Assess Educational Opportunities Quasi-experimental Designs Quantitative Policy Analyses versus Regression Analyses How Quantitative Policy Analyses Help Policymakers to Investigate the Effectiveness of Specific Instructional Practice Issues of Validity among Quantitative Methodological Strategies How Quantitative Policy Analyses Influence the Policy Making Process The Usefulness of Quantitative Evidence in the Promotion of Public Policies How Quantitative Methods Help Policymakers to Critically Evaluate Claims and Research Backing Said Claims for Their Policy Promotions The Application of Quantitative Traditions in Your Preferred Area of Study How to Interpret Results from Quantitative Methods and Communicate Said Results to Policymakers Why Quantitative Investigations Help Solve Social Problems Through the Application of Social Science Related Statistical Methods How Quantitative Methods Allow Policy Makers to Review Relevant Policy Propositions Which Relate to Public Health, Education, Welfare, or Criminal Issues How Dioxins Research Can Aid Policy Transformation for Public Health How Policymakers Distinguish between High and Low Quality Empirical Research When Making Decisions How Policies Can Be Improved In Poverty, Criminal Justice, Health, Education, Development, Welfare, and Others How Quantitative Research Design Produces Convincing Analyses Using Largescale and Small-scale Datasets How Incarceration Research Can Aid Policy Transformation for Economic Policy How Empirical Social Science Research is Analyzed to Utilize Practical Applications and Solve Real-world Public Policy Problems Also below is a sample on one of them to help you in your writing process: Sample Research Essay: How Incarceration Research Can Aid Policy Transformation for Economic Policy The parental contribution to the growth of a child is significantly interesting. Literature has consistently shown that marital status of the parents has an influence on adolescents from minority ethnicities. It will have an elevated impact from the instability of the parentsââ¬â¢ marital status. Forceful separation of parents has been linked to emotional difficulties. These reside in the behaviors of the aboriginal children, a minority ethnicity in Australia (Silburn, 2006, p. 13). In addition, concerns such as systemic expression of intergenerational effects are linked to separations. These have to do with the relocation of parents. Arguably, such observations point on the contribution of parents to the growth their adolescent children experience. However, it may be argued that adolescents are rather advanced to be affected by the separation of their parents (Silburn, 2006, p. 15). Besides, the stage is associated with a vast number of anti-parental concerns (Silburn, 2006, p. 1 4). It is significantly interesting to consider the challenges associated with children of ethnic minorities. This is in the hope of fathoming the driving reason behind the noted observations. Minority ethnicities suffer from numerous challenges that affect their immediate quest for survival. Apparently, being clustered as a minority ethnicity implies that the subsequent concerns of equity and survival needs to be safeguarded in the constitution (Silburn, 2006, p. 13). On such note, the parent may be perceived to be the central fortress of support associated with the children (Oliveira, et.al, 2007, p. 35). However, it would be difficult to narrow such response. It would also be difficult to narrow reactions. Especially in order to target the mental health of the adolescent child. Key questions that need to be considered include the manner upon which they express their frustrations. Besides, it may be argued that the mental health associated with the minority ethnics has a contribution from their marginalized status. Literature indicates that adolescent obesity is a function of parentsââ¬â¢ marital instability. Studies show that mental health instability may be a critical contribution in support of this argument. On that note, it is critical to consider the elemental attributes that are promoted by instability in mental health. Various cases exhibiting excessive eating habits as a result of the piling psychological instability have been suggested across populations. An immediate response accorded to excessive eating behaviors remains the suggestion of obesity. In most cases, some adolescent children tend to seek solace on food as an avenue of addressing their psychological crisis (Oliveira, et.al, 2007, p. 33). It may, therefore, be argued that the emergence of obesity cases in adolescent from minority ethnicities revolves on instability in parental structure. However, developing such an assumption would have outweighed other perceptions that relate to the occurrence of obesity. There is a direct link between anxiety disorders and parentsââ¬â¢ marital relationship. Various elements of such a disorder may be quantified on adolescents from minority ethnicities in order to prelude their contributions regarding the eventual instability in mental health (Oliveira et al., 2007, p. 37). Despite such a suggestion, the concept of linking disorders arising from separation anxiety to the mental health development is paramount (Oliveira, et.al, 2007, p. 39). Various proposals on the models to evaluate the expression of the considered anxiety disorders have been suggested. This includes the use of the family identification test (Oliveira, et.al, 2007, p. 36). Arguably, the approach remains one of the most viable. This is especially with regard to the disorder to the marital status of the parents. However, the observations on the distinctions between the children expressing the considered disorder and the healthy ones have been suggested to be minimal (Oliveira, et.al, 2007, p. 34). Although a suggestion on long-term effects remains among the most promising links towards the promotion of the behavior as an illustrator. It is an illustrator of considered effects on adolescents. References: Birnbaum, L. S. (1994). The mechanism of dioxin toxicity: relationship to risk assessment. Environmental health perspectives, 102(Suppl 9), 157. Morgan, M. Granger, Max Henrion, and Mitchell Small.à Uncertainty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Print. Nagel, Stuart S.à Policy Analysis Methods. Commack, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers, 1999. Print. OLeary, Michael Kent, and William D Coplin.à Quantitative Techniques In Foreign Policy Analysis And Forecasting. New York: Praeger, 1975. Print. Oliveira, A. M, Oliveira, A. C, Almeida, M. S, Oliveira, N., Adan, L. (2007). Influence of the family nucleus on obesity in children from northeastern Brazil: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. Retrieved from biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/235 Sadoulet, Elisabeth, and Alain De Janvry.à Quantitative Development Policy Analysis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Print. Silburn, S. (2006). The intergenerational effects of forced separation on the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal children and young people. Family Matters: Indigenous Families, 75, 10-17. Stokey, Nancy L.à Recursive methods in economic dynamics. Harvard University Press, 1989. Rausser, Gordon C., Johan Swinnen, and Pinhas Zusman.à Political power and economic policy: theory, analysis, and empirical applications. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
How to Treat Geological and Astronomical Terms
How to Treat Geological and Astronomical Terms How to Treat Geological and Astronomical Terms How to Treat Geological and Astronomical Terms By Mark Nichol Determining whether to refer to geological and astronomical terms with initial uppercase or lowercase letters can be a challenge, because various publications and publishers differ on capitalization style. The following guidelines, however, appear to predominate: Names of geological time spans are capitalized, but the terms for the magnitude of duration (eons, eras, periods, epochs, and stages, in descending order of length), are not; in scientific and nonscientific prose alike, these terms can be omitted: ââ¬Å"The Mesozoic is also known as the Age of Dinosaurs.â⬠ââ¬Å"Mrs. Wattle has been teaching Freshman Composition since the Mesozoic.â⬠Whether modifying terms such as early, middle, and late are capitalized depends on whether they are themselves modified: ââ¬Å"Tyrannosaurus rex lived during the Late Cretaceous.â⬠ââ¬Å"The Deccan Traps erupted in the very late Cretaceous.â⬠ââ¬Å"Ice ageâ⬠is considered a generic term because multiple such events have occurred. In astronomy, general terms in proper names of celestial bodies are generally capitalized (ââ¬Å"Orionââ¬â¢s Belt,â⬠ââ¬Å"Barnardââ¬â¢s Star,â⬠ââ¬Å"Comet Halleyâ⬠). Note, however, that comet is lowercased in lay references to ââ¬Å"Halleyââ¬â¢s comet.â⬠In nontechnical contexts, sun and moon are often lowercased: ââ¬Å"She shielded her eyes from the bright light of the sun.â⬠ââ¬Å"Beware when the moon is full.â⬠In works about astronomy, or those in which other celestial bodies are referenced, uppercase them: ââ¬Å"The Sun is merely one of countless stars.â⬠ââ¬Å"The Moon orbits our planet roughly every twenty-eight days.â⬠The same rule applies to the name of our planet. In idioms such as ââ¬Å"where on earth,â⬠ââ¬Å"down to earth,â⬠and ââ¬Å"move heaven and earth,â⬠the name requires no emphasis, and references to our world from a surface perspective and to its soil are likewise lowercased: ââ¬Å"I traveled to the four corners of the earth to find it.â⬠ââ¬Å"The earth here is rich and loamy.â⬠But the word as the name of the planet should be emphasized like any other: ââ¬Å"The first four planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, consisting mostly of rock and metals, are called the terrestrial planets.â⬠(Note that Earth, in such contexts, need not be, and rarely is, preceded by the.) General terms like ââ¬Å"solar system,â⬠galaxy, and universe are usually not capitalized; some publications and books uppercase them (especially in references to our own solar system and the Milky Way galaxy). Names of celestial phenomena and objects such as the aurora borealis and the rings orbiting Jupiter and Saturn are lowercased. Remember, too, when discussing the planets orbiting the Sun, that Pluto was in 2006 demoted to a dwarf planet one of four in the solar systemââ¬â¢s distant Kuiper belt (a fifth dwarf planet lies in the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter), and may not even be the largest one. (The scientific jury is still out on whether the similarly sized Eris is larger). And why is belt capitalized in ââ¬Å"Orionââ¬â¢s Beltâ⬠and not in ââ¬Å"the Kuiper beltâ⬠? In the former term, itââ¬â¢s a reference to part of the personification of the Orion constellation, but in the latter, itââ¬â¢s merely a description, just as in ââ¬Å"the asteroid belt.â⬠Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for ââ¬Å"Foodâ⬠Select vs. SelectedSit vs. Set
Monday, November 4, 2019
Washington DC as a World City Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Washington DC as a World City - Case Study Example ââ¬ËEconomic Transformationââ¬â¢ would be the right term to describe the Economic conditions in Washington, considering it's past and present. The Economic trends in Washington can be best described considering the factors like population, personal income, per capita income, employment, total industry earnings and average earnings per job (pnreap.org, 2006). The population growth in Washington from 1970 to 2005 is around 1.8% which when compared with the total US population growth of 1.08% is quite high (pnreap.org, 2006). This is due to immigration to Washington due to opportunities available here. However the percentage of growth from 2000 to 2005 has been moderate, that is only 1.2% (pnreap.org, 2006). On the other hand the personal Income Growth in Washington has been 3.8% compared to the total US growth of 3% (pnreap.org, 2006). This shows the kind of Economic growth in Washington when compared to US as a whole. It also shows that a major contribution for the Economic deve lopment of the US is rendered by Washington. This continued over a period of around 30 Years in US. Per capita Income can be termed as the barometer for calibrating Economic growth. However, the per capita Income distribution in Washington has been rather a flip flop during various intervals of time. During the 70's the Per capita Income was 2.7% when compared to 1.5% of US and in 80's it dropped down to 1.4% which again shot up to 2.5% in 90's and in late 21st century it was an all time low of 0.5% (pnreap.org, 2006). Many factors that include droughts in jobs, major business flops and lesser concentration on production, terrorist threats lead to this low growth of per capita Income. However, this was more than the growth of its neighboring regions. The promising factor over the past 30 years has been that of the total employment growth that accounted for around 2.6% which when compared to 1.8% of US is quite high. This shows vast employment opportunities here. The total industrial earnings in Washington are about 3.5% which has been much higher than 2.9% of US (pnreap.org, 2006). This shows the Economic boost and stability provided to local economy by Washington. Washington's Role Globally and Government's Strategies In spite of many risks, for more than 30 years, Washington's economy had a consistent expansion and its economy is being more balanced. Even when the domestic demand is less, the economy stands rock solid. The government takes planned actions like maintaining price stability and introduces structural reforms at many times that help improving domestic markets and encourage them to compete globally. Volatility and excessive changes in exchange rates are checked by continuous monitoring the exchange closely. Other policies include lowering tariffs and other rates to have a sustained growth in global trade and eliminate unemployment and poverty (washingtonbudgetreport.com, 2007). The government has taken steps to enhance the local currency bond markets to sustain the growth of financial markets so as to reduce and withstand the external shocks and financial crisis. The Washington's government was quick to adapt to
Friday, November 1, 2019
Audacity. The Role Of The Technology In The Learning Process Essay
Audacity. The Role Of The Technology In The Learning Process - Essay Example Students could go to the computer lab, and, instead of having to write their homework or projects in class, could get a jumpstart on their homework and projects by dictating them into microphones connected to the computer. The words will then appear on the screen and the students don't have to do any typing whatsoever. This would be ideal for students who have learning disabilities or difficulties spelling, as it takes care of that aspect for them. Their speech is all they need. This aligns to NET-S standards by helping students use their creativity, use digital media to communicate, use information, think critically, practice responsible use of technology, and operate new technology.4 This aligns to NETS-T standards by facilitating and inspiring student creativity, desigining and developing a digital-age learning experience, modeling digital-age work and learning through use of Audacity, promoting model digital citizenship and responsibility by using this technology correctly, and engaging in professional growth and leadership by demonstrating the effective use of the digital tools and resources of Audacity.5 It supports the learner by helping him or her not have to physically write his or her papers; rather, he or she can dictate the papers to the computer and the software will process them for him or her. That is the beauty of this software. What is the role(s) of the
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